IRONSMITHINTEL
CRITICALCVSS10.0
|
Actively Exploited
|CISA KEV|CVE-2025-32433|Auth: none — unauthenticated|Reboot: required|Manual only

Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH Server Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability

Erlang Erlang/OTP SSH server contains a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability. This could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials, potentially leading to unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in how SSH protocol messages are handled, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems. This vulnerability could affect various products that implement Erlang/OTP SSH server, including—but not limited to—Cisco, NetApp, and SUSE.

Published Apr 16, 2025 · Updated May 16, 2026
Why patchRisk explained in plain English
Worst-case scenarioIf unpatched

A remote attacker, without authentication, can achieve full data confidentiality loss, arbitrary modification of data, complete denial of service or system unavailability. Federal agencies are required to remediate by 2025-06-30 under CISA BOD 22-01.

How the attack worksNo clicks needed

This is a Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CWE-306) vulnerability in Erlang Erlang/OTP. Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules. Exploitation requires remote network access, low attack complexity, no authentication required, and no user interaction required.

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Phishing link

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Malicious file

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Server compromised

Am I affected?Quick check

Probably yes if any of these apply:

●IT Security
●Running erlang\/otp: v < 25.3.2.20, 26.0 ≤ v < 26.2.5.11, 27.0 ≤ v < 27.3.3; confd basic: v < 7.7.19.1, 8.0.18 ≤ v < 8.1.16.2, 8.2 ≤ v < 8.2.11.1, 8.3 ≤ v < 8.3.8.1, 8.4 ≤ v < 8.4.4.1; network services orchestrator: v < 5.7.19.1, 5.8 ≤ v < 6.1.16.2, 6.2 ≤ v < 6.2.11.1, 6.3 ≤ v < 6.3.8.1, 6.4 ≤ v < 6.4.1.1, 6.4.2 ≤ v < 6.4.4.1; cloud native broadband network gateway: v < 2025.03.1; inode manager: -; smart phy: v < 25.2; ultra packet core: v < 2025.03; ultra services platform: -; staros: v < 2025.03; optical site manager: v < 25.2.1; ncs 2000 shelf virtualization orchestrator firmware: v < 25.1.1; enterprise nfv infrastructure software: v < 4.18; ultra cloud core: v < 2025.03.1; rv160w firmware: -; rv260 firmware: -; rv160 firmware: -; rv260p firmware: -; rv260w firmware: -; rv340 firmware: -; rv340w firmware: -; rv345 firmware: -; rv345p firmware: -; debian linux: 11.0
Real-world incidentsWhat we've seen

Active exploitation documented in the wild. Threat-research write-up: https://github.com/ProDefense/CVE-2025-32433/blob/main/CVE-2025-32433.py

How to patch

Manual remediation steps

Apply the Vendor Patch

This vulnerability is in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog — apply the vendor's security update as soon as possible.

CISA required action: Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.

References

    1
    Vendor advisory: https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy
    1
    NVD entry: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32433
    1
    CISA KEV: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433
PowerShell automationComing soon

No tested PowerShell script for this entry yet. We’re prioritising automation based on user demand.

References

↗ CVE-2025-32433↗ NVD↗ Vendor Advisory