IRONSMITHINTEL
HIGHCVSS8.5
|
Actively Exploited
|CISA KEV|CVE-2021-39144|Auth: low — authenticated user|Reboot: required|Manual only

XStream Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

XStream contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows an attacker to manipulate the processed input stream and replace or inject objects that result in the execution of a local command on the server. This vulnerability can affect multiple products, including but not limited to VMware Cloud Foundation.

Published Aug 23, 2021 · Updated May 16, 2026
Why patchRisk explained in plain English
Worst-case scenarioIf unpatched

A remote attacker, with a low-privilege account, can achieve full data confidentiality loss, arbitrary modification of data, complete denial of service or system unavailability. Federal agencies are required to remediate by 2023-03-31 under CISA BOD 22-01.

How the attack worksNo clicks needed

This is a Code Injection (CWE-94) vulnerability in XStream XStream. XStream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again. In affected versions this vulnerability may allow a remote attacker has sufficient rights to execute commands of the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose. Exploitation requires remote network access, higher attack complexity, a low-privilege authenticated account, and no user interaction required.

Am I affected?Quick check

Probably yes if any of these apply:

IT Security
Running xstream: v < 1.4.18; debian linux: 9.0, 10.0, 11.0; fedora: 33, 34, 35; snapmanager: -; business activity monitoring: 12.2.1.4.0; commerce guided search: 11.3.2; communications billing and revenue management elastic charging engine: 11.3, 12.0; communications cloud native core automated test suite: 1.9.0; communications cloud native core binding support function: 1.10.0; communications cloud native core policy: 1.14.0; communications unified inventory management: 7.3.4, 7.3.5, 7.4.0, 7.4.1, 7.4.2; retail xstore point of service: 16.0.6, 17.0.4, 18.0.3, 19.0.2, 20.0.1; utilities framework: 4.2.0.2.0, 4.2.0.3.0, 4.3.0.1.0, 4.3.0.6.0, 4.4.0.0.0, 4.4.0.2.0, 4.4.0.3.0; utilities testing accelerator: 6.0.0.1.1; webcenter portal: 12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0
Real-world incidentsWhat we've seen

Active exploitation documented in the wild. Threat-research write-up: http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/169859/VMware-NSX-Manager-XStream-Unauthenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html

How to patch

Manual remediation steps

Apply the Vendor Patch

This vulnerability is in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog — apply the vendor's security update as soon as possible.

CISA required action: Apply updates per vendor instructions.

References

    1
    Vendor advisory: https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2022-0027.html, https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-39144.html
    1
    NVD entry: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39144
    1
    CISA KEV: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-39144
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